Performance Rating Standards for Anti-Ram Bollards in Nuclear Facilities based on LS-DYNA Analysis

Woo-Hyuck Jeong; Ye-Chan Kim; Jeong-Hwan Yeon; Phill-Seung Lee

doi:10.7734/COSEIK.2026.39.4.211

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2026 Vol.39, Issue 4 Next Page

Performance Rating Standards for Anti-Ram Bollards in Nuclear Facilities based on LS-DYNA Analysis LS-DYNA 해석 기반 원자력시설 차량 저지용 볼라드의 성능 등급 기준

31 August 2026. pp. 211-218

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Abstract

In recent years, the demand for robust physical protection for nuclear power plants has intensified, leading to the inclusion of vehicular threats in the design basis threat (DBT) for nuclear facilities after the 2016 Nice attack. Despite this requirement, a significant portion of bollards currently deployed at domestic nuclear power plants and critical infrastructure lack formal performance certification. Most are designed for pedestrian safety or traffic management rather than high-velocity impact resistance, resulting in inadequate energy absorption capacity. Furthermore, existing international certification frameworks, such as ASTM F2656, rely primarily on full-scale crash tests, which are prohibitively expensive and lack the flexibility to account for diverse site-specific conditions. To address these challenges, this paper presents an objective methodology for evaluating the performance of concrete-filled bollards using LS-DYNA numerical analysis as a viable alternative to physical testing. Utilizing the data derived from these simulations, we establish a new performance rating system (Categories A, B, and C) based on vehicle penetration for varying impact velocities. This research provides a foundational framework for the performance-based standardization of vehicular barriers, facilitating the enhancement of physical security protocols for domestic nuclear facilities.

Keywords

anti-ram barrier

anti-ram bollard

nuclear facility

physical protection

LS-DYNA

performance evaluation

최근 차량 테러 위협으로 원자력시설의 물리적 방호 중요성이 커지고 있다. 그러나 국내에 설치된 볼라드 대부분은 성능 인증을 받지 못해 차량강습 방어 능력이 부족하다. 또한 기존 국제 인증(ASTM F2656 등)은 실물 충돌 시험에 의존하여 비용이 크고 현장 조건을 반영하기 어렵다는 한계가 있다. 이를 극복하고자 본 연구는 LS-DYNA 수치해석을 활용한 콘크리트 충진 볼라드 객관적 성능 검증 방법론을 제안한다. 수치해석 결과를 바탕으로 차량 속도 및 침투 여부에 따른 새로운 ABC 성능 등급 체계를 확립하여, 국내 원자력시설의 물리적 방호 체계에 직접 활용 가능한 실용적이고 객관적인 성능 등급 기준을 제시한다.

키워드

차량 방벽

차량 저지용 볼라드

원자력시설

물리적 방호

LS-DYNA

성능 검증

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Information

Publisher :Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
Publisher(Ko) :한국전산구조공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
Journal Title(Ko) :한국전산구조공학회 논문집
Volume : 39
No :4
Pages :211-218
Received Date : 2026-05-07
Revised Date : 2026-06-05
Accepted Date : 2026-06-19
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7734/COSEIK.2026.39.4.211

Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea ISSN:1229-3059(Print) 2287-2302(Online) 한국전산구조공학회 논문집

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