A Computational Study of Hyper-Velocity Impact behavior in a Ti-6Al-4V/AISI 1045 Steel Layered Panel

Muhammad Haseeb; Heung Soo Kim

doi:10.7734/COSEIK.2026.39.3.179

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2026 Vol.39, Issue 3 Preview Page Next Page

Research Paper

A Computational Study of Hyper-Velocity Impact behavior in a Ti-6Al-4V/AISI 1045 Steel Layered Panel Ti-6Al-4V/AISI 1045 강 적층 패널의 초고속 충격 거동에 대한 전산 연구

30 June 2026. pp. 179-184

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Abstract

Hypersonic ballistic impacts are gaining attention as propulsion technologies advance, and spaceborne collision scenarios such as meteoroid encounters also fall within the broader high-velocity impact regime. When deployed as thin sheets, conventional structural metals such as Ti-6Al-4V and AISI 1045 steel can be vulnerable to the intense, short-duration stresses generated during these events. This study investigates the dynamic response of a Ti-6Al-4V/AISI 1045 bi-layer panel subjected to hypersonic aluminum-sphere impact, with particular focus on impact-driven mechanisms including spall-related damage, localized cavitation, and debris cloud development. A computational framework is presented using a modified Johnson-Cook constitutive description coupled with a Grüneisen equation of state, with the impact process is modeled using a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) formulation implemented in LS-DYNA. Both symmetric and asymmetric impact configurations are investigated to determine how impact alignment and obliquity affect penetration evolution and associated deformation modes. Special attention is given to how increasing obliquity alters energy partitioning and material flow, as well as how these shifts influence rear-face bulging behavior in the lower AISI 1045 layer. Overall, the study aims to provide design-level insight into optimizing multi-layer metallic shielding and impact-resistant structures exposed to hypersonic debris environments.

Keywords

hyper-velocity

Ti-6Al-4V

AISI 1045 steel

smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH)

극초음속 탄도 충격은 추진 기술의 급속한 발전과 더불어 주목을 받고 있으며, 운석 충돌과 같은 우주 환경에서의 충돌 시나리오 또한 고속 충격 영역에 포함된다. Ti-6Al-4V 합금과 AISI 1045 강과 같은 기존 구조용 금속은 박막 형태로 적용될 경우, 이러한 사건에서 발생하는 강렬하고 단시간의 응력에 취약할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 극초음속 알루미늄 구체 충격을 받는 Ti-6Al-4V/AISI 1045 이중층 패널의 동적 응답을 분석하였다. 특히 충격에 의해 유발되는 박리(spall) 손상, 국소 공동(cavitation), 및 파편 구름(debris cloud) 형성과 같은 메커니즘에 주목하였다. 이를 위해 수정된 Johnson-Cook 구성 모델과 Grüneisen 상태 방정식을 결합한 계산 체계를 제시하고, LS-DYNA에 구현된 입자 기반 유체역학(SPH) 기법을 통해 충격 과정을 모사하였다. 대칭 및 비대칭 충격 구성을 모두 고려하여 충격 정렬 및 경사각이 관통 진화와 변형 양상에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 탐구하였다. 특히 경사각 증가가 에너지 분배와 재료 유동을 어떻게 변화시키며, 이러한 변화가 하부 AISI 1045 층의 후면 팽창 거동에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해 집중적으로 논의하였다. 본 연구는 극초음속 파편 환경에 노출되는 다층 금속 차폐 및 충격 저항 구조의 최적화를 위한 설계 수준의 통찰을 제공하는 것을 목표로 하였다.

키워드

초고속(hyper-velocity) 충격

Ti-6Al-4V 합금

AISI 1045 강

스무딩 입자 유체역학(SPH)

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Information

Publisher :Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
Publisher(Ko) :한국전산구조공학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
Journal Title(Ko) :한국전산구조공학회 논문집
Volume : 39
No :3
Pages :179-184
Received Date : 2026-04-30
Revised Date : 2026-05-02
Accepted Date : 2026-05-06
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7734/COSEIK.2026.39.3.179

Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea ISSN:1229-3059(Print) 2287-2302(Online) 한국전산구조공학회 논문집

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